The cable machine is one of the very few gym equipment that can exercise most muscle groups. Thanks to the innovative design, you can perform dozens of motion exercises from the comfort of your home.
The cable machine is such a thing that can replace a variety of equipment like dumbbells, pull-up bars, push up bars, chest dips, etc. That means it will be a perfect fit for home gyms with narrow spaces.
If you are already thinking about purchasing a cable machine, then it’s a great decision. However, it is not going to be easy as there are so many models out there. And, you may not want to spend thousands of bucks on equipment that’s not suitable.
In this write-up, we will check out some of the best cable machine for home gym. It will become easier for you to choose the machine after going through the reviews. We have also listed the pros and cons of the device so that you can easily decide which one is the right option for you.
Light Commercial FreeMotion EXT Dual Cable Crossover Silver Machine
- State-of-the-art strength training equipment
- Versatile and durable design
- Endless variety of standing strength exercises
- Freemotion system for a more custom workout
What are The Different Types of Gym Cable Machines
A Gym cable machine, or cable pulley machine, comes in a wide variety of designs, and fitness enthusiasts use them for various workouts. Generally, there are two types of gym cable machines- single pulley and double pulley. However, along with these basic ones, there are a few unique types as well.
Single Pulley:
As the name suggests, a single pulley machine has one pulley attached to the weight stack. Single pulleys are for intense workouts as you have to apply all the strength to pull just a single cable. As a result, single pulley machines help perform tricep pushdowns, shoulder raises, bicep curls, face pulls, etc.
Double Pulley:
Double pulley machines feature two pulleys to lift the olympic weight plates. A dual pulley increases the “mechanical advantage” of a cable machine and makes it almost half as easy to pull the weights as a single pulley. “Mechanical advantage” is the ratio between the force applied to pull the lever and the resistance force of the weight. Therefore, if you are lifting 200 pounds, then your muscles are dealing with 100 pounds of resistance. Dual pulley machines are the perfect choice for a range of exercises like cable flys, overhead press, etc.
Lat Pulldown Machine:
A lat pulldown machine has a seat and a bar overhead that you pull down as if you are using a pull-up bar. This machine helps develop biceps and back muscles.
Seated Cable Row Machine:
This machine mainly targets the back muscles or the latissimus dorsi. Moreover, It is also an excellent tool to work the arm muscles (forearm and upper arm), hamstrings, and gluteus muscles, as these muscles are dynamic stabilizers for this exercise.
How Does a Cable Machine Work
The primary function of a cable machine is to provide resistance against your body muscles, just like all other gym equipment. Even so, the fundamental difference is that the gym cable machines use adjustable pulleys to connect the cable’s weights and cable.
Generally, the cable has a handle on one end and the weight stack on the other. So, when you pull the cable, your body muscle starts to work against the resistance force of the weights.
Although all pulley machines work towards the same end, different products offer you to set your priorities. For example, single pulleys are more intense as you have to pull with the same amount of force as the weight plates.
On the contrary, double pulleys are less intense as the resistance force becomes due to its mechanism. Gym cable machines are incredibly versatile as you can move the cable in any direction to target a particular muscle of your body.
Possible Cable Machine Exercises That Build Muscles
The most exceptional characteristic of a cable pulley machine is that it can mimic most free-weight exercises. The truth is, when you combine other cable machine attachments with this, the only limitation you have to face is your creativity. Here are some of the standard cable machine exercises to build muscle.
Upper Body: Triceps pulldown and pushdown, cable crossover, lateral raises, cable flyes, bicep curl, overhead cable curl, etc.
Core: Cable lunges, cable squat, abdominal cable crunches, mountain climber, high-to-low and low-to-high woodchop, Russian twist, etc.
Back: Cable crossover, seated cable rows, face pull, high anchor row, lat pushdown, wide grip pulldown, rear delt row, etc.
Lower Body: Cable squats, pull through, cable lunges, hip abduction, one-legged kickback, front leg extension, etc.
What are The Best Cable Machine for Home Gym?
- Editor’s Choice: FreeMotion Dual Cable EXT Crossover
- Best Build: Body-Solid GDCC200 Functional Training Center
- Best Functional Trainer: Body-Solid Powerline PFT100 Functional Trainer
- Best Easy-to-Use: Body-Solid Best Fitness BFFT10R Functional Trainer
- Best Budget: XMark Heavy Duty LAT Pulldown and Low Row Cable Machine
- Best Overall: BodyCraft HFT Functional Trainer
- Best Compact Design: Body-Solid Pro Clubline SDC2000G2 Dual Cable Column
- Best Versatile: XMark Functional Trainer Cable Machine
- Best Cage Workout Machine: Marcy Smith Cage Workout Machine
Table of Content:
Here are the outlines of the article with all the topics that will be discussed below.
Contents
- What are The Different Types of Gym Cable Machines
- How Does a Cable Machine Work
- Possible Cable Machine Exercises That Build Muscles
- What are The Best Cable Machine for Home Gym?
- 9 Best Cable Machine for Home Gym Reviews 2021
- 1. Editor’s Choice: FreeMotion Dual Cable EXT Crossover
- 2. Best Build: Body-Solid GDCC200 Functional Training Center
- 3. Best Functional Trainer: Body-Solid Powerline PFT100 Functional Trainer Cable Machine
- 4. Best Easy-to-Use: Body-Solid Best Fitness BFFT10R Functional Trainer and Cable Machine
- 5. Best Budget: XMark Heavy Duty LAT Pulldown and Low Row Cable Machine
- 6. Best Overall: BodyCraft HFT Functional Trainer
- 7. Best Compact Design: Body-Solid Pro Clubline SDC2000G2 Dual Cable Column
- 8. Best Versatile: XMark Functional Trainer Cable Machine
- 9. Best Cage Workout Machine: Marcy Smith Cage Workout Machine
- Why Should You Buy a Cable Machine for Home Gym?
- How Do You Use a Cable Machine?
- Bottom Line
Comparison Chart:
In short of time? Check out the primary features of the listed cable machine that describes the functionality of the home gyms.
| Image | Product | Technical Spec | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Editor’s Choice
|
Light Commercial FreeMotion EXT Dual Cable Crossover |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Build
|
Body-Solid GDCC200 Functional Training Center |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Functional Trainer
|
Body-Solid Powerline PFT100 Functional Trainer Cable Machine |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Easy-to-Use
|
Best Fitness by Body-Solid BFFT10R Functional Trainer and Cable Machine |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Budget
|
XMark Heavy Duty LAT Pulldown and Low Row Cable Machine |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Overall
|
IRON COMPANY BodyCraft HFT Functional Trainer Home Gym |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Compact Design
|
Body-Solid Pro Club Line SDC2000G2 Dual Cable Column |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Versatile
|
XMark Functional Trainer Cable Machine with Dual 200 lb Weight Stacks |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
|
Best Cage Workout Machine
|
Marcy Smith Cage Workout Machine Total Body Training Home Gym |
|
Check Price On Amazon |
9 Best Cable Machine for Home Gym Reviews 2021
The below-mentioned cable machines are chosen based on our in-depth research considering all aspects of the product.
We have thoroughly checked the construction, features, flexibilities, capacity, previous customer reviews, etc., while choosing them. Check out the detailed reviews of the best cable machine for home gym from below:
1. Editor’s Choice: FreeMotion Dual Cable EXT Crossover
The FreeMotion Dual Cable EXT Crossover is one of the most innovative and well-engineered cable machines available now. It brings you state-of-the-art features that offer a variety of highly-effective but straightforward strength training exercises.
The cable machine features a dual-arm design that allows two people to exercise at once. It is such a feature that you will not find in many cable machines in the market. As the arms are adjustable, you can lower them for compact storage.
Another benefit of the adjustable arm is you can lock it at various positions to target a specific group of muscles. The machine’s design allows you to perform multiple full-body exercises to improve strength, stamina, and tone.
The components of the crossover cable are constructed from heavy-duty 7-gauge and 11-gauge steel tubes. These are also powder-coated for additional durability and resilience. It can accommodate up to 350 lbs of weight and is suitable for almost any individual.
The Freemotion Dual Cable crossover is one of the best cable crossover machines currently. If you want to purchase a heavy-duty and well-engineered cable machine for the home gym, then it worth your bet.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 60 L x 113 W x 84 H inches
- Weight: 925 pounds
- Type: EXT Crossover
- Weight Capacity (max): 350 pounds
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
FreeMotion Features:
- 7-gauge and 11-gauge heavy-duty frame construction.
- Crossover design; allows two people to exercise together.
- Adjustable dual arms with a secure locking system.
- Velcro-padded ankle cuff for secured placement and comfort.
- Electrostatically powder-coated for enhanced resilience.
2. Best Build: Body-Solid GDCC200 Functional Training Center
The brand Body-Solid has a reputation for manufacturing products that are incredibly durable, and the GDCC200 trainer is no exception. It is a versatile machine that lets you perform more than 25 traditional exercises.
It equips two stacks with 80 lbs maximum weight load per stack. The stacks are easily upgradeable, and you can add up to 5 additional plates per stack for a more challenging workout.
As we mentioned earlier, the Body-Solid cable machine offers you a wide variety of exercises. Some of the workouts include chest press, upright row, leg extension, incline press, cable fly, chin up, etc. The machine also has adequate flexibility with 20 height adjustments and 180-degree cable positioning.
The cable machine arrives with top-notch quality and stable frames, which are crafted from 11-gauge oval steel tubes. The frames are also electrostatically coated to prevent any sort of scratch and corrosive. It also ensures stability with the rubberized stabilizers.
The pulleys included in the cable machine are made of fiberglass-reinforced material along with industrial quality sealed ball bearings. Furthermore, it features PVC coated aircraft steel ropes, which are rated for 2500 lbs resistance. Such attributes can ensure durable and persistent performance.
What we loved most about the Body-Solid GDCC200 is there are multiple additional accessories available for the machines. That means you can easily upgrade the gym equipment anytime to be more powerful and effective.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 43 L x 73 W x 84 H inches
- Weight: 16 pounds
- Type: Functional Trainer
- Weight Capacity (max): 160 pounds x 2
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
Body-Solid GDCC200 Features:
- Allows more than 25 full-body
- Versatile 11-gauge oval steel tube frame.
- Fiberglass reinforced and fully-adjustable pulleys.
- Aircraft steel ropes with 2550 lbs resistance rating.
- Ergonomic and dual position pull-up bars.
3. Best Functional Trainer: Body-Solid Powerline PFT100 Functional Trainer Cable Machine
The Powerline PFT100 is another excellent quality cable machine from the brand Body-solid. It features dual weight stacks along with a built-in pull-up bar and adjustable pulleys, giving options for muscle targeting. You can perform a variety of cardio and free weight exercises to target various muscle groups.
Some of the supported exercises include biceps curls, glute kickback, triceps press down, delt raises, trunk twist, triceps press down, etc.
Each stack in the Body-Solid Powerline PFT100 equips 160 lbs of weight. There are separate pulleys for each stack. That means you can do both single pulleys triceps extension and double pulleys crossover exercise flexibly. You can also equip additional plates on the stack to upgrade the resistance.
You can easily adjust the pulleys at 20 different positions to perform any exercise with ease. There is also a 180-degree swivel, allowing you to exercise at any angle you want. The cable machine features nylon handles that can be easily adjusted depending on the exercise.
Like the other Body-solid home gym equipment, the Powerline PFT100 also features a superior quality sturdy construction that can last for decades. It also offers you the best cable machine workouts and available at an affordable price with all the fantastic qualities.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 42 L x 63 W x 83 H inches
- Weight: 476 pounds
- Type: Functional Trainer
- Weight Capacity (max): 160 pounds x 2
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
Body-Solid Powerline Features:
- Features two 160 lb. upgradable weight stacks.
- Adjustable swivel pulleys for smooth operations.
- Features two nylon cable handles for additional exercises.
- Suitable for both high and low cable crossover exercises.
4. Best Easy-to-Use: Body-Solid Best Fitness BFFT10R Functional Trainer and Cable Machine
The Body-Solid Best Fitness BFFT10R may not be the best-looking cable machine in the market, but it arrives with some top-notch properties. The device can offer solid functional training exercises to people with different resistance levels.
Like most cable machines in the market, it also arrives with an adjustable pulley and swivels. You can effortlessly adjust the pulleys at different positions for performing a variety of exercises. Besides, the swivel can be rotated around 180-degrees to workout at different angles.
The Body-Solid Best BFFT10R cable machine features a 190-pound single stack, making it challenging for most individuals. There are also adjustable nylon cable handles, which are pretty ergonomic and comfortable. You can perform more than 20 full-body exercises with it.
The machine also features an integrated chinning bar for pull-up exercises. One unique feature of the machine is that it arrives with smaller footprints. The compact design of the device makes it suitable for any home gyms with low space.
Like other Body-Solid Functional Trainer and Cable Machines, the BFFT10R also brings a solid construction. That means you can be assured about a long-term performance from it. The machine is perfect in every way, and you can consider investing in it.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 55 L x 61 W x 84 H inches
- Weight: 309 pounds
- Type: Functional Trainer
- Weight Capacity (max): 190 pounds x 2
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
Body-Solid Features:
- 190-pound single stack cable machine.
- Features pulleys with 19 variable positions.
- The swivel pully rotates at 180-degree for smooth movement.
- Features ergonomic nylon handles.
- Smaller footprints and compact design.
5. Best Budget: XMark Heavy Duty LAT Pulldown and Low Row Cable Machine
Are you searching for a cable machine that is heavy-duty and available at a low price? Then the Xmark Heavy Duty LAT Cable Machine can be a sure shoot for you. As per our research, no other cable machine offers you superior construction and features like it in this price range.
The selling point of the device is heavy-duty 11-gauge steel frame construction. You can be assured of a long-term performance with such sturdy construction. There is also a powder coating to resist the scratches. You can perform a massive array of exercises with the home gym equipment.
You’ll get aircraft-grade, nylon-coated cables with 2200 pounds tensile strength rating with this XMark cable machine that fits in a limited space. It can carry around 400 lbs without any issues and has an adjustable bench. Such features of the device make it an appropriate choice for heavy-duty strength training.
There are also skid-resistant feet on the machine, preventing any chances of slipping during the exercises. Unlike the other competitor, the Xmark features a lat pulldown design, ensuring a more comfortable but effective workout. There are also 3-inch tear and sweat resistant duraguard cushions on thigh pads.
Xmark Heavy Duty LAT Cable Machine is one of the best-rated but cheap cable machines that offer you the best value for the money. If you want an industrial-grade performance in your home gym, then the cable machine can be an absolute no brainer for you.
Technical Details:
- Dimension:7 L x 48 W x 82.7 H inches
- Weight: 106 pounds
- Type: Lat Pulldown/Low Row Machine
- Weight Capacity (max): 400 pounds
- Pulley System: Upper Pulley
Xmark Features:
- Heavy-duty 11-gauge steel frame construction.
- Aircraft quality cables with 2200 pounds tensile strength.
- Lat pulldown design with built-in weight pegs and steel bar.
- 3-inch tear and sweat resistant duraguard cushion.
- Frames are powder-coated to resist scratch.
6. Best Overall: BodyCraft HFT Functional Trainer
Bodycraft HFT cable machine is a perfect addition to your home gym because of its sturdy build and compact design. Additionally, this dual pulley machine comes with a built-in chin-up bar and multiple hooks to store the cable machine attachments.
In addition, other cable accessories include an exercise book describing 70+ exercises, a long bar, a short bar, and various straps to meet user demands. Besides, you can set the height to 31 different positions and swivel around 180 degrees to target any specific body muscle.
This adjustable machine offers a total of 300 pounds of weight with 150 pounds dual weight stacks on both sides. Although you can upgrade to 200 pounds for more intense exercises with some extra cash, 150 pounds is sufficient for anyone trying to keep fit at home.
It’s a heavy weight bar home gym equipment with a heavy-duty steel body of 11 gauge tubing with an electromagnetic coating that makes it highly durable and long-lasting. In addition, the nylon-coated aircraft cables can withstand 2,000 pounds of tension to make the product more tough and flexible.
While other products provide more weight around the same price range, like the Powerline PFT100, none can beat the durability, flexibility, and versatility this Bodycraf HFT cable machine offers. It is undoubtedly one of the best compact cable machines for home available in the market.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 56 L x 40 W x 82 H inches
- Weight: 530 pounds
- Type: Functional Trainer
- Weight Capacity (max): 150 pounds x 2
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
BodyCraft HFT Features:
- Its tensile steel and electromagnetic coated body make it scratch-resistant and durable.
- You can work out with easy mobility due to its 180-degree swivel connected to the cable.
- It has a highly durable aircraft cable that is long-lasting and flexible.
- You can set the height to a wide variety of positions to work different muscles of your entire body.
- It has a compact design that can fit any corner of your room.
7. Best Compact Design: Body-Solid Pro Clubline SDC2000G2 Dual Cable Column
If you are an athlete or fitness enthusiast, your primary requirement is a durable design and heavy-duty exercise machine that can help with a wide variety of exercises. Body-Solid is famous for making some of the best cable machines for home gym and commercial ones, and the SDC2000G Pro Clubline is no deviation from that.
Likely, this dual cable column is an excellent example of a minimalistic approach with a simple design and compact footprint. Moreover, the mainframe is exceptionally durable due to its powder-coated 11-gauge high-tensile steel. Also, its coating protects the frame from nicks, scratches, and peeling as well.
Furthermore, not only it has two columns with dual weight stacks of up to 235 pounds of resistance, but it also provides enough force to work up the muscles. Even if you are a beginner, this double column machine can certainly help you as the weight plates are adjustable.
You can also perform some low-row workouts with the help of the footplate. Additionally, you can adjust the nylon pulley’s height vertically with a pop-pin arrangement. The adjustable pulleys have v-grooved channels too, and there are 12 pulley adjustments for both in a 5.75 inches increment.
The aircraft-quality steel cables are nylon-coated and self-lubricated, ensuring flexible movement. Moreover, it comes with a durable DuraFirm upholstery that will help you do various seated exercises. All in all, this exercise machine is worth considering if high efficiency is your biggest priority.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 36 L x 46 W x 83 H inches
- Weight: 680 pounds
- Type: Functional Trainer
- Weight Capacity (max): 235 pounds x 2
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
Body-Solid Pro Features:
- This powerful machine is built for a high-intensity wide variety of workouts.
- It is a very minimalistic machine due to the small footprint and simple design.
- The cable is very flexible and extendable, therefore helping you exercise at different angles.
- Included necessary accessories in the packaging will spice up your workout to the next level.
- It comes with a footplate and a durafirm upholstery that allow seated exercises.
8. Best Versatile: XMark Functional Trainer Cable Machine
Functional trainers are an exceptional addition to any gym, and it is undoubtedly a compelling purchase for your home gym as they help you perform a wide variety of exercises. In fact, this XMark functional trainer cable machine is one of the best home gym cable systems if you plan on doing some heavy lifting within the comfort of your home.
With the help of 200 pounds dual weight stacks on both sides and a 2:1 stack to resistance ratio, you can focus on bulking up your entire body muscles. Moreover, you can adjust the dual pulley to one of the 19 positions ranging from 1″-66″ height with a 3.5 inches increment.
I contrast, this XMark functional trainer cable machine is less durable when it comes to cabling than other Bodycraft products on this list. However, XMark-7626 does an excellent job of compensating by good weight distribution, and it’s easier to move around as you can extend the cables 81 inches from the adjustable pulleys.
Additionally, it has a larger footprint than other functional trainers on the list. A larger footprint may become helpful if you are willing to do some intense pull-ups, crossover, or other exercises that require some space. This product has a relatively durable design with an 11-gauge heavy-duty steel mainframe.
The installation takes time, but it is relatively straightforward. Although this unit seems a bit overpriced, it has many positive reviews, and it comes with handy accessories like short and long bars, some necessary straps, and a pair of strap handles.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 65 L x 43.5 W x 83 H inches
- Weight: 807 pounds
- Type: Functional Trainer
- Weight Capacity (max): 200 pounds x 2
- Pulley System: Side-by-Side (Adjustable)
XMark Functional Features:
- Its adjustable weight rack is adjustable for anyone to work out despite size and age.
- The adjustable pulleys to multiple settings can target a particular muscle.
- It has a split-grip pull-up bar to perform pull-ups and chin-ups.
- You can do high-intensity workouts due to its perfect weight distribution.
- The packaging comes with some handy cable accessories that help to perform a wide variety of exercises.
9. Best Cage Workout Machine: Marcy Smith Cage Workout Machine
This cage workout machine is an all-in-one gym equipment that features a range of exercises for the whole body. Its 14 gauge heavy-duty steel construction framework is powder-coated, and the aircraft cable with 2000 pounds tensile strength is a landmark of its durability and long-lasting use.
Moreover, this multifunctional machine has horizontal press arms that will allow you to do chest and arm workouts. Its dual-action leg developer has six adjustable rocker pads and a curl bar. You can also bench press with the 7 ft Olympic bar that comes with the packaging.
It has dual cable crossover upper pulleys and a single lower pulley for various chest and back workouts. Also, it has a multi-grip pullover bar. Besides, additional cable accessories include some essential pieces of equipment such as plate posts, lat bars, V bar, tricep rope, footplate, and ankle straps.
The weight bar can withstand a maximum of 300 pounds of weight, and the capacity counts at 600 Pounds on the built-in bench (including the user). You can store all the weight plates on the storage posts on both sides of the machine. However, you will have to buy weight racks separately as this product doesn’t come with any.
Marcy Smith Cage Workout Machine is a complete workout station that brings a gym inside your home and at a very affordable price. Although, installation consumes a lot of time and expertise. This versatile machine is a perfect choice for anyone who enjoys a variety of workouts within the comfort of his home.
Technical Details:
- Dimension: 70 L x 79 W x 84.5 H inches
- Weight: 25 pounds
- Type: Cage Workout Machine
- Weight Capacity (max): 300 lbs (weight bar), 600 lbs (bench)
- Pulley System: Upper and Lower Pulley
Marcy Smith Cage Features:
- It has dual action press arms to perform various arm and chest workouts.
- The leg developer has six adjustable rocker pads and a row/curl bar that help perform lower body exercises.
- This machine comes with olympic plates for heavy weightlifting exercises.
- It has a highly durable design and cabling that help the machine to last longer.
- You can store the weights on side-mounted bars for easy access and better weight distribution.
Why Should You Buy a Cable Machine for Home Gym?
The Cable Machines are a standard part of the home and commercial gyms nowadays. It is considered a great piece of equipment for exercising various parts of your body. The machine can immensely help you to work on strength and muscle building.
One of the cool things about cable machines are, they let you work from different angles. That means you can target muscles from various points for a more effective result. Traditional tools of strength exercise will not offer you such an advantage.
Currently, the cable machines arrive with more features than ever. They include pull up bars, multiple pulleys, nylon handles to perform a wide array of exercise. Most of the modern cable machines let you perform around 20 activities to target various body parts.
Cable machines are also an excellent value for investment as they don’t get faulty in quick order. They arrive with heavy-duty construction, letting you employ them for decades after decades. You can also upgrade the features to exercise on a higher resistant level.
How Do You Use a Cable Machine?
Cable machines support all types of push and pull workouts that can exercise both the upper and lower body. Depending on the model, you can perform various kinds of row, la pull-downs, chest fly, chest press, and much more.
The exercises on the cable machine vary on a large scale. It would be better if you check the user manual to know the exact instructions for each activity. Here are some tips that will keep you safe and effective on the machine:
- Make sure that there is appropriate space around the cable machine so that you can move freely during the workouts.
- Select the appropriate level of resistance, depending on your experience level. If you are new, then start with the lowest weight.
- Frequently check the cable, frame, and other components of the machine for tears or damages. Avoid using the equipment if you find anything faulty.
- Only add appropriate attachments on the machine to avoid injuries. Make sure that the extensions are compatible with the device before purchasing.
Bottom Line
The cable machine is a huge investment, and you may not regret the purchase. So, we will recommend you to select one of these Best Cable Machine for Home Gym. They have proven performance and arrive with all the possible functionalities to offer you an optimum result.
